Assessment of nurses’ knowledge working in hemodialysis units toward infection control measures in Al-Najaf city hospitals
Keywords:
hemodialysis, infection control measures, knowledge, nurseAbstract
Background: Renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment and nursing staff working in hemodialysis units are at a significantly increased risk of healthcare-acquired infections, for example, blood-borne diseases and bacterial and fungal infections due to repeated and prolonged exposure to many potential pollutants in the hemodialysis setting. Nursing staff’s compliance with infection control and prevention measures reduces transmission; therefore, nurses working in hemodialysis units must follow standard precautions.
Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge of nurses working in hemodialysis units towards infection control measures.
Materials and Method: Quantitative design (the descriptive cross-sectional study) was used to achieve the objectives of this study. This study was conducted in the hemodialysis units at Al-Najaf city hospitals in Iraq between March 2022 and April 2022 based on a non-probability sampling (purposive sampling); the sample consisted of hundred nurses. A questionnaire was prepared as a data collection tool and consists of two parts. The first part includes the socio-demographic information of the nursing staff, and the second part contains 39 multiple-choice questions aiming to assess nurses' knowledge working in hemodialysis units about infection control measures. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the study results using the statistical package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Microsoft Word and Excel (2010).
Results: The study results revealed that the nurses' knowledge of the infection control measures was moderate (74,95%) and had a statistical mean score of 1,499. The findings also showed a high level of statistically significant correlation between nurses' knowledge of working in hemodialysis units and socio-demographic information in line with the critical and unique nature of hemodialysis units, such as the educational level of socio-demographic information, participation in training courses on hemodialysis units inside and outside Iraq, and participation in training courses on infection control measures training inside and outside Iraq, the number of infection control training courses, and duration of infection control training courses. The probability value was (p<= 0,05).
Conclusions: The study concluded that most participants had knowledge about infection control measures. A highly statistically significant correlation existed between nurses' knowledge levels and socio-demographic information. Still, because of the critical and unique nature of hemodialysis units, very strict procedures must be imposed, and nursing staff must be trained on infection control measures for hemodialysis units.
References
Abozead SES, Azer SZ, Morkes SM. Effect of educational program on nurse's performance about infection control for patients undergoing hemodialysis. Assiut Scientific Nursing Journal. 2018;6(15):162-168. DOI: 10.21608/ASNJ.2018.59669. https://asnj.journals.ekb.eg/article_59669.html
Adetunji B, Chima G, Gidado S, Isichei C, Ogoina D, Pondei K. Knowledge, attitude and practice of standard precautions of infection control by hospital workers in two tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Journal of infection prevention. 2015;16(1):16-22. DOI: 10.1177/1757177414558957. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1757177414558957
Adhikari K, Attaulhaq A. Hemodialysis Access Sites (HAS) and infection prevention: A literature review of infection risk factors and its prevention for hemodialysis patient. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology. 2019;4(5):32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 44, 48. ISSN No: 2456-2165. https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2019092619282. https://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/248824
Ahmed A, Bayoumi M, Hassan H. Nurses' Practices Toward Applying Infection Control Measures Using Notice Checklists at a Dialysis Unit. Health Science Journal. 2019;13(6):683, 1-10. ISSN: 1791-809X. DOI: 10.36648/1791-809X.13.678. https://www.itmedicalteam.pl/articles/nurses-practices-toward-applying-of-infection-control-measures-using-notice-checklists-at-dialysis-unit-106127.html
Akhere AD, Alice TE, Grace E, Ikponwonsa O. Knowledge and practice of infection control among health workers in a tertiary hospital in Edo state, Nigeria. Direct Research Journal of Health and Pharmacology (DRJHP). 2013;1(2):20-27. Available online at directresearchpublisher.org/drjhp ©2013 Direct Research Journals Publisher https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/messages/downloadsexceeded.html
Albaghdadi DS, Alshemari BA, Hindi NK, Mohammed HS, Radhi MM, Shlash AM. Infection Control Measures for Nurses Staff Concerning with Hepatitis B and C at Hemodialysis Unit in Hilla Hospitals. Medico Legal Update. 2020;20(1):733-738. http://www.medicolegalupdate.org. https://ijop.net/index.php/mlu/article/view/454
AL-Kerity SHF, Naji AB. Evaluation of Healthcare Workers' Practices Concerning Infection Control Measures at Primary Health Care Centers. Scientific Journal of Medical Research. 2017;1(2):63-68. DOI: https://doi.org/.
Al-Mawsheki E, Ibrahim MH, Taha NM. Nurses' knowledge and practice regarding care for the patients during hemodialysis. Medical Journal of Cairo University. 2016;84(1):1135-41. https://www.medicaljournalofcairouniversity.net/images/pdf/2016/September/092.pdf
Alkhaqani AL. Nurses on the Front Lines Confronting COVID-19 Pandemic. Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences (ISSN: 2789-3219). 2022;2:26-27. https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v2i.60
Arduino MJ, Nguyen DB, Patel PR. Hemodialysis-associated infections. Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 2019, p389-410.e8. Epub 2018 Nov 29. PMCID: PMC7152337. Doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-52978-5.00025-2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152337/pdf/main.pdf
Athbi HAA, Mohammed WK. Effect of Infection Control Education Program on Nurses Staff’s Knowledge in Hemodialysis Units in Baghdad Teaching Hospitals. Tenth National Scientific Conference. MSc. Thesis, Baghdad University, 2012, 529-550. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Widad-Mohammed-4/publication/328734029_Effect_of_Infection_Control_Education_Program_on_Nurses_Staff's_Knowledge_in_Hemodialysis_Units_in_Baghdad_Teaching_Hospitals/links/5f6e3478458515b7cf4f3347/Effect-of-Infection-Control-Education-Program-on-Nurses-Staffs-Knowledge-in-Hemodialysis-Units-in-Baghdad-Teaching-Hospitals.pdf
Ayed A, Eqtait F, Fashafsheh I, Harazneh L. Knowledge and practice of nursing staff towards infection control measures in the Palestinian hospitals. Journal of Education and Practice. 2015;6(4):79-90. http://repository.aaup.edu/jspui/handle/123456789/1238
Ayenew T, Desta M, Dires M, Getie M, Sitotaw N, Tegegne N. Knowledge, practice and associated factors of infection prevention among healthcare workers in Debre Markos referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Health Services Research. 2018;18(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3277-5 https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-018-3277-5
Bakey S. Evaluation of Nurses’ Practices throughout Hemodialysis Treatment for Patients in hemodialysis unit at Baghdad teaching hospitals. Kufa Journal for Nursing Sciences. 2012;2(2):23-38. www.journal.uokufa.edu.iq. https://journal.uokufa.edu.iq/index.php/kjns/article/view/2985
Bayoumi MH, Mahmoud NF. Effect of education program on nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding care of central venous line in pediatric hemodialysis: evidence-based practice guidelines. Egyptian Nursing Journal. 2017;14(2):87-99. DOI: 10.4103/ENJ.ENJ_16_17. https://www.enj.eg.net/temp/EgyptNursJ14287-5364888_145408.pdf
Boyce JM, Vijayan A. 100% use of infection control procedures in hemodialysis facilities: Call to action. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2018;13(4):671-673. CJASN April 2018, 13 (4) 671-673. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.11341017. https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/13/4/671
Boyle G, Donlon S, Einarsdottir H, McCann M, Redmond A. Prevention of infection in patients with chronic kidney disease Part II: Healthcare associated infections. Journal of Renal Care. 2011;37(1):52-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6686.2011.00216.x. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1755-6686.2011.00216.x
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National healthcare safety network (NHSN). Dialysis Event Surveillance Protocol, 2022. Infection prevention information is located at: https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/dialysis/event/index.html
Chun IS, Kim Y, Park YM. Development of a hemodialysis nurse educational program and its effects. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society. 2012;13(12):5839-5848. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2012.13.12.5839. https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO201205759632566.page
Elashir UM, Maghraby N, Mahmoud SR, Yousef YE. The effect of nursing educational program on knowledge and practice of nurses regarding infection control measures for children under hemodialysis. Egyptian Nursing Journal. 2019;16(1):1-9. DOI: 10.4103/2090-6021.257964. https://www.enj.eg.net/temp/EgyptNursJ1611-5331203_144832.pdf
Gharib Sabaq A, Mohammed AEG, Raafat Mahdy R, Soliman Bahgat R. Effect of educational guidelines on nurses’ performance related to care of arteriovenous fistula puncture for children undergoing hemodialysis. Journal of Nursing Science Benha University. 2022;3(1):36-50. ISSN 2682 – 3934. DOI: 10.21608/jnsbu.2022.212336. https://journals.ekb.eg/article_212336.html
Gijare M. Effectiveness of teaching on infection control practices among health care professionals. Sinhgad e Journal of Nursing. 2012;2(2):5-9. http://www.sinhgad.edu/SinhgadNursingCollege-eJournal/Vol_II_Issue_II/Author_2.pdf
Hassan HB, Faris HI. Evaluation of nurses practices concerning sterile techniques critical care units in Al-Najaf AL-Ashraff city hospitals. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 2016;6(6):50-51. ISSN 2250-3153.
Hasandokht T, Joukar F, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Naghipour MR. Nurses’ knowledge toward hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Guilan, Iran. The Open Nursing Journal. 2017;11:34-42. PMCID: PMC5420166. PMID: 28567168. Doi: 10.2174/1874434601711010034. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5420166/
Himmelfarb J, Sayegh MH. Hemodialysis-Associated Infections. In K. Dimock & T. Ball (Eds.), Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation E-Book: A Companion to Brenner and Rector's The Kidney, 2010, 3rd ed., p335, 344, 345, 349). ISBN: 978-4377-0987-2. Saunders Elsevier Health Sciences. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=Ge1OmykAaNwC&printsec=copyright&source=gbs_pub_info_r#v=onepage&q&f=false
Ibrahim MAE, Ismail SS, Ouda WES. Assessment of nurses’ performance regarding care of children undergoing hemodialysis therapy. Egyptian Journal of Health Care. 2019;10(3):113-125. DOI: 10.21608/EJHC.2019.48125. https://ejhc.journals.ekb.eg/jufile?ar_sfile=97872
Ibrahim S, Salem N, Soliman S. Assessment of safe injection practices and needlestick injury among nursing students at Mansoura university. Mansoura Nursing Journal. 2021;8(1):59-76. DOI: 10.21608/MNJ.2021.179797 https://journals.ekb.eg/article_179797_0a732dd18c4bec19c05e043507c349ed.pdf
Jabbar HM, Mohammed WK. Effectiveness of Education Program on Nursing Staff Knowledge toward Infection Control Measures at Hemodialysis Unit in Al-Dewaniya Teaching Hospital. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2021;25(6):11696-11702. ISSN:1583-6258. https://www.annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/7686
Rajih Q. Effectiveness of an education program on nursing staffs' knowledge about infection control measures at intensive care unit in Al-Diwaniya teaching hospital. Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties. 2020;33(1):85-92. https://injns.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/INJNS/issue/view/31
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Hussein Abdulzahra Hassooni, Dr. Müjgan Onarici
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
