Rauvolfia vomitoria remediates neurodegenerative deficiencies in hippocampus of wistar rats treated with lead nitrate
Keywords:
Rauvolfia vomitoria, lead nitrate (PbNO3), hippocampusAbstract
Background: Rauvolfia vomitoria is a useful medicinal plant primarily used for the treatment of hypertension and mental disorder. In Nigeria, it is used traditionally for the management of psychiatric issues. This study was designed to evaluate the histological assessment of ethanolic leaf extract of Rauvolfia vomitoria on the hippocampus of lead nitrate-treated rats. Thirty (30) female adult Albino Wistar rats were used for the experiment. They were randomly divided into six groups of five animals each.
Methods: The animals were weighed before and after the experiment. Group 1 was given feed and water for 28 days. Group 2 was treated with 100mg/kg body weight of lead nitrate (PbNO3) within 14 days period. Group 3 was treated with 212.5mg/kg body weight of Rauvolfia vomitoria leaf extract within 14 days period. Group 4 was treated with 100mg/kg of lead nitrate (PbNO3) and 212.5mg/kg of Rauvolfia vomitoria leaf extract within 14 days period respectively. Group 5 was treated with 100mg/kg body weight of lead nitrate (PbNO3) and 425mg/kg body weight of Rauvolfia vomitoria leaf extract within 14 days period respectively. Group 6 received 100mg/kg body weight of lead nitrate (PbNO3) and 850mg/kg body weight of Rauvolfia vomitoria leaf extract within 14 days period respectively via oral route using a cannula. After the last day, the rats were euthanized by chloroform inhalation and the hippocampus was harvested and subsequently preserved in 10% buffered formalin, processed, and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin dye. A light microscope was used and histopathological observations were made.
Results: Histologically, group 1 revealed a normal molecular layer, pyramidal cell layer, and polymorphic cells layer. Group 2 showed atrophied neurons in the pyramidal cell layer and vacuolated glial cell in polymorphic cell layers. Group 3 revealed hypertrophied pyramidal neurons in the pyramidal cell layer and vacuolated glial cells in polymorphic cell layer. Group 4 revealed atrophied neurons throughout the pyramidal cell layer. Group 5 showed normal pyramidal neurons. Group 6 showed normal pyramidal neurons throughout the pyramidal cell layer.
Conclusion: This study shows that the plant extract (Rauvolfia vomitoria) contains neuroprotective potentials that can remediate the neuronal changes and effects associated with lead nitrate (PbNO3).
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Copyright (c) 2022 Kingsley A Okon, Gabriel D Edem, Nsikan-Abasi B Udoh, Sarah N Umanah
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