Histomorphological assessment of ethanolic extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria on the cerebellum of lead nitrate treated albino wistar rats

Authors

  • Kingsley A Okon Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
  • Aniekan I Peter Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
  • Gabriel D Edem Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
  • Christopher C Mbadugha Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
  • Abasifreke J Obioku Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Keywords:

lead nitrate, cerebellum, Rauwolfia vomitoria, neurological changes and purkinje cell layer

Abstract

Despite the development of more researched and formulated orthodox medicines, herbal medicines continue to be well patronized for persons across the world. Rauwolfia vomitoria is one of the most prominent herbs commonly associated with psychiatric management because of its antipsychotic and sedative properties. Lead (II) nitrate, an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Pb(NO3)2 is known to have neurotoxic effects capable of causing neurological changes. The present study sort to investigate the histomorphological impacts of Rauwolfia vomitoria leaf extract on the cerebellum of lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 treated albino Wistar rats. Thirty (30) adult Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n=5). Group 1 was given feed and water ad libitum for 28 days. Group 2 received 100mg/kg body weight of lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 for 14 days, group 3 received 212.5mg/kg body weight of Rauwolfia vomitoria leaf extract for 14 days, group 4 received 100mg/kg body weight of lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 for 14 days and 212.5mg/kg body weight of Rauwolfia vomitoria leaf extract for 14 days, Group 5 was administered with 100mg/kg body weight of lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 for 14 days, then 425mg/kg body weight of Rauwolfia vomitoria leaf extract for 14 days and group 6 received 100mg/kg body weight of lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 for 14 days and 850mg/kg body weight of Rauwolfia vomitoria leaf extract for 14 days. The animals were sacrificed and their brain harvested and routinely processed using Haematoxylin and Eosin method and viewed under the light microscope. Distortion of Purkinje cell layer and hyperplasia of granules in granular cell layer was found in the group administered with 100mg/kg body weight of lead nitrate only (Group 2)), denoting brain injury. Similar results was found of group administered with Rauwolfia vomitoria only (Group 3), whereas severe distortion of Purkinje cell layer was seen of group administered with lead nitrate followed by high dose (850mg/kg) of the extract (Group 6). However, groups administered with lead nitrate and moderate dose of Rauwolfia vomitoria (Group 4 and Group 5) was found to have similar (intact) cyto-architecture with the control group suggesting normal neural function. In conclusion, distortion of the cytoarchitecture of the cerebellum could be associated with the toxic effect of the 100mg/kg Lead nitate and high dose (850mg/kg body weight) of Rauwolfia vomitoria constituents such as alkaloids, reserpine in the leaf extracts and this may result in functional changes that may be detrimental to the mental health of the animals.

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Published

2022-03-07

How to Cite

Okon, K. A., Peter, A. I., Edem, G. D., Mbadugha, C. C., & Obioku, A. J. (2022). Histomorphological assessment of ethanolic extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria on the cerebellum of lead nitrate treated albino wistar rats. Journal of Advanced Education and Sciences, 2(1), 05–09. Retrieved from https://dzarc.com/education/article/view/19

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022)

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Articles

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Copyright (c) 2022 Kingsley A Okon, Aniekan I Peter, Gabriel D Edem, Christopher C Mbadugha, Abasifreke J Obioku

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.