How a sub-lethal effect of natural mosquitocides contribute in control of mosquito borne diseases in view of ecofriendly bioinsecticides: A review article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64171/JAES.6.4.55-64Keywords:
Mosquitoes, Sublethal effect, Bioinsecticides, Biological controlAbstract
Mosquitoes are more threaten human and other veterinary animals, than any other arthropod or even another macrocarnivorous animals, which are vectors of pathogenic agents of many serious diseases as malaria, lymphatic filaria, and arboviruses such as; yellow fever, Nile fever, dengue. zika, Japanese encephalitis. and, chikungunya, Zika, and dengue. Moreover, host annoyances within taking up blood meal by female piercing mouth parts. In spite of forests are mosquito niche, but now are consider as urbane insect inhabitate brackish and polluted water and modulated their habit into anthropophilic behavior. To raise awareness about the dangers of mosquito-borne diseases, now public health organizations are annually celebrated by World Mosquito Day in 20th august since 1937, the day commemorates the discovery made by Sir Ronald Ross in 1897, who established that female Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria. Mosquito control programs were mainly emphasized on immature stages, by application with synthetic insecticides. But, after appearances of ecological problems and insecticide-resistance, mosquito control tends to sublethal doses to minimize environmental effect and preserve on biological diversity.
The sublethal effect of bioinsecticides as plant secondary metabolites resources (as juvenoids and phytoecdysosteroide) and non-consumption by the mosquito predators kairomones, which are interfere with the mosquito natural hormones and other metabolic activities. This effectiveness less than mortality, will not allow the generation fitness. Today, literature body about mosquito program control mainly focusing on sublethal activity of the bioinsecticides, therefore, in this review, we shall evaluate the effectivity of biological insecticides as plant extracts and predators with sublethal doses and non-consumptive effectiveness of mosquito predators.
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