Pharmacognostic studies and anti-trypanosomal properties of Lindackeria dentata (Oliv.) Gilg (Flacourtiaceae) leaves for the treatment of sleeping sickness
Keywords:
Lindackteria, dendata, pharmacognostic, standards, trypanosomiasis, phytochemical, hematologicalAbstract
Introduction: Lindakteria dendata has been known in ethnomedicine to cure back pain, inflammation and toothache.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacognostic profile and antitrypanosomal potential of Lindackeria dentata (Flacourtiaceae) leaves.
Methodology: The macroscopy, microscopy and physio-chemical studies were carried out to standardize the plant leaf. Five groups of animals were used. To groups A, B and C were administered 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of crude methanol extract respectively. The standard drug Diminazene aceturate (7 mg/kg) was administered to group D while group E received distilled water (negative control). Alterations in the body weight, degree of parasitaemia and hematological parameters were determined.
Results: Pharmacognostic profile revealed tasteless drug with microscopic features of wavy epidermal cell wall of anomocytic stomata, annular xylem and phloem, prism shaped calcium oxalate, phloem parenchyma cells, palisade cells, non-glandular trichome. Phytochemicals analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and sterols in varying amounts. The crude methanol extract exhibited significant (p < 0.05) anti-trypanosomal activity in the infected rats by reducing the parasitaemia levels, improving weight gain and haematological changes in a dose-dependent manner. Extract at 600 mg/kg gave the second-best activity (after standard drug) for percentage weight gain and parasitaemia levels of 13.31 ± 2.18 % and 74.36 ± 6.24 respectively. Red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB) and packed cell volume (PCV) were 1.97 ± 1.99 (5.6 x 1012/l), 11.50± 1.43 g/dl and 35.1 ± 2.72 % respectively.
Conclusion: This study has established the pharmacognostic standards of Lindackeria dentata leaves and validated its use in ethnomedicine for the treatment of parasitic infections.
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