Brief overview of Phytoplasma associated with pigeon pea cultivated in India
Keywords:
Cajanus cajan, witches’-broom, little leaf, Candidatus phytoplasma groupAbstract
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) is an important food legume crop predominantly cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa and also plays an important role in food and nutritional security due to rich in protein, minerals and vitamins. Pigeon pea has a unique place in Indian farming and India accounts for about 90% of the global production. Pigeon peas have been reported of phytoplasma diseases worldwide associated with the visual symptoms such as witches’-broom, little leaf, floral malformation, stunting of whole plant. Phytoplasma strains belonging to the Pigeon Pea Witches’-Broom (PPWB;16SrIX group), subgroup IX-A, IX-C, little leaf disease associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ (16SrI); phytoplasma ‘Candidatus phytoplasma aurantifolia” (16SrII group) have been reported on pigeon pea worldwide. This review article focused brief current status of phytoplasma disease associated with pigeon pea of India as well as abroad.
Downloads
References
Van Der Maesen LJG. Pigeonpea: Origin, history, evolution and taxonomy, In: Nene YL, Hall SD, and Sheila VK (eds.), The Pigeon pea. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1990, 15-46.
Anonymous. Districtwise area, production and yield (2011-12 to 2015- 16), 2015-16. http://mpkrishi.mp.gov.in
Al-Saady NA, Khan AJ. Phytoplasmas that can infect diverse plant species worldwide. Physio Mol Biol Plants, 2006; 12:263-281.
Bertaccini A. Phytoplasmas diversity, taxonomy and epidemiology. Fro. Bioscience, 2007; 12:673-89.
Harrison NA, Oropeza C. Coconut Lethal Yellowing, In: Characterization, Diagnosis and Management of Phytoplasmas. (Eds. Nigel A. Harrison, Govind P. Rao and Carmine Marcone). Plant Pathogens Series-5. Studium Press LLC, U.S.A, 2008, 219-248.
Chaturvedi Y, Rao GP, Tewari AK, Duduk B, Bertaccini A. Phytoplasma in ornamentals: detection, diversity and management. Acta Phytopathol. Entomol. Hungarica, 2010; 45(1):31-69.
Harrison NA, Tsai H, Bourne CM, Richardson PA. Molecular cloning and detection of chromosomal and extrachromosomal DNA of mycoplasmalike organisms associated with witches’-broom disease of pigeon pea in Florida. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 1991; 4:300-307.
Khan AJ, Jamal Al-Subhi AM, Calari A, Al-Saady NA, Bertaccini A. A new phytoplasma associated with witches’ broom of Cassia italica in Oman. Bulletin of Insectology, 2007; 60(2):269-270.
Rodríguez LR, Harrison N, Richardson P, Tsai J, Cruz C, Bosques A. Epidemiology of pigeon pea witches broom: detection of phytoplasma in plants and insects, 1979. (http://136.145.83.33:8000/jspui/bitstream/10476/669/1/pagina%2036.pdf).
McCoy RE, Tsai JH, Norries RC, Gwin GH. Pigeon pea Witches’ Broom in Florida. Plant Disease, 1983; 67:443-445.
Yang SY, Habili N, Aoda A, Dundas I, Paull JG, Randles JW. Three group 16SrII phytoplasma variants detected in co-located pigeonpea, lucerne and tree medic in South Australia. Australasian Plant Dis. Notes, 2013; 8:125-129.
Caicedo JD, Rivera-Vargas LI, Segarra AE, Davis RE. Detection and molecular characterization of a group 16SrIX phytoplasma infecting citrus (Citrus sinensis and C. limon), coffee (Coffea arabica), periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), and tabebuia (Tabebuia heterophylla) in Puerto Rico. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 2015; 10:28.
Mall S, Chaturvedi Y, Rao GP, Barnwal VK. Phytoplasma’s diversity in India. Bull. Insectology, 2011; 64:77-78.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations Dietary protein quality evaluation in human nutrition: Report of an FAO expert consultation, FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 92, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 2011.
Lee IM, Davis RE, Gundersen-Rindal DE. Phytoplasma: phytopathogenic mollicutes. Ann. Rev. Microbiology, 2000; 54:221-255.
IRPCM. ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’, a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiology, 2004; 54:1243-1255. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.02854-0.
Lee IM, Gundersen-Rindal D, Davis RE, Bartoszyk IM. Revised classification scheme of phytoplasmas based on RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein gene sequences. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriology, 1998; 48:1153-1169. doi: 10.1099/00207713-48-4-1153.
Zhao Y, Wei W, Lee IM, Shao J, Suo X, Davis RE. Construction of an interactive online phytoplasma classification tool, iPhyClassifier, and its application in analysis of the peach X-disease phytoplasma group (16SrIII). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiology, 2009; 59:2582–2593. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.010249-0.
Contaldo N, Bertaccini A, Paltrinieri S, Windsor HM, Windsor DG. Axenic culture of plant pathogenic phytoplasmas. Phytopath. Medit., 2012; 51:607-617.
Contaldo N, Satta E, Zambon Y, Paltrinieri S, Bertaccini A. Development and evaluation of different complex media for phytoplasma isolation and growth. J. Microbiol. Methods, 2016; 127:105-110. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.05.031.
Bertaccini A, Lee IM. “Phytoplasmas: an update,”. in: Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria-I, in Characterization and Epidemiology of Phytoplasma-Associated Diseases, eds G. P. Rao, A. Bertaccini, N. Fiore, and L. Liefting (Singapore: Springer), 2018; Chapter 1:1-29.
Carraro L, Osler R, Refatti E, Poggi Pollini C. Transmission of the possible agent of apple proliferation to Vinca rosea by dodder. Riv Patol Vegetale Ser., 1988; 4(24):43-52.
Grylls NE. Leafhoppers vectors and Plant diseases Agents they transmit in Australia: In Leafhoppers vectors and Plant diseases Agents. (Eds. K Maramoroch and K Harris) Academic Press, New Yark, 1979, 179-213.
Tsai JH. Vector transmission of mycoplasal agents of plant diseases. In The Mycoplasmas, 1979; 3:265-307.
Ploaie PG. Mycoplasma-like organisms and plant diseases in Europe. In Plant Diseases and Vectors: Ecology and Epidemiology. Maramorosch K., and Harris K.F., Academic Press, New York, 1981, 61-104.
Ahrens U, Seemüller E. Detection of DNA of plant pathogenic mycoplasma-like organism by a polymerase chain reaction that amplifies a sequence of the 16S rRNA gene. Phytopathology, 1992; 82:828-832.
Deng S, Hiruki C. Amplification of 16S rRNA gene from culturable and non- culturable mollicutes. J. Microbiol Methods, 1991; 14:53-61.
Gundersen DE, Lee IM. Ultrasensitive detection of phytoplasmas by nested-PCR assays using two universal primer sets. Phytopathol Mediterranea, 1996; 35:144-151.
Bertaccini A, Duduk B, Paltrinieri S, Contaldo N. Phytoplasmas and phytoplasma diseases: a severe threat to agriculture. Am. J. Plant Science, 2014; 5:1763-1788.
Rao GP, Mall S, Raj SK, Snehi SK. Phytoplasma diseases affecting various plant species in India. Acta Phytopathol. Entomol. Hungarica, 2011; 46(1):59-99.
Kumar M, Madhupriya, Rao GP. Molecular characterization, vector identification and sources of phytoplasmas associated with brinjal little leaf disease in India, 3 biotech, 2017; 7(1):7. doi: 10.1007/s13205-017-0616-x.
Singh R, Mall TP. A new virus diseases of arhar Cajanus indicus (L.) Millsp. Current Science, 1976; 45:635-636.
Reddy MV. Diseases of pigeon pea and chick pea and their management. In: Plant Protection in Field Crops, 1987, 175-184.
Raj SK, Khan MS, Snehi SK, Srivastava S, Singh HB. Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris isolate associated with a little leaf disease of pigeon pea in India. Plant Pathology, 2006; 55:823.
Vijay Kumar Naik D, Bhaskara Reddy BV, Sailaja Rani J, Sarada Jayalakshmi Devi R, Hari Prasad KV. First report of 16S rII group phytoplasma “Candidatus phytoplasma aurantifolia” associated with little leaf disease of Pigeonpea in India. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2018; 7(5):2653-2655.
Snehi SK, Srivastava S, Parihar SS, Jain B. Molecular identification of Jujube witches'-broom phytoplasma (16SrV) associated with witches'-broom disease of Ziziphus oenoplia in India. Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, 2020; 11(4):492, 1-4.
Snehi SK, Parihar SS, Jain B. First report of a Jujube witches'-broom phytoplasma (16SrV) strain associated with witches'-broom and little leaf disease of Solanum melongena in India. New Disease Reports, 2021, 43(1). DOI:10.1002/ndr2.12005.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Phytology Research

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.