Study ecology of insects on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) plantation with and without insecticide application in North Sumatera, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64171/JAE.6.1.9-14Keywords:
Insects, Cocoa, Diversity, Abundance, Insecticide, Environmental FactorsAbstract
This study aimed to analyze the diversity, dominance, evenness, and environmental factors of insects in two different habitat conditions, namely cocoa plantations with insecticide application and without insecticide application in Siantar Marimbun District, Pematangsiantar City. Samples were collected using purposive sampling with yellow sticky traps. A total of 3,649 individuals representing 24 insect species from four orders (Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera) were successfully identified. Hymenoptera was the most abundant order, with Messor barbarus as the dominant species. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was higher in non-insecticide-treated fields (H1′ = 2.41) compared to insecticide-treated fields (H2′ = 2.28). The dominance index was relatively greater in insecticide-treated fields, while the evenness values in both habitats were categorized as high. The t-test indicated a significant difference in insect diversity between the two habitats (t-value = 3.71 > t-table = 1.96). The measurement results for environmental factors indicate that the temperature ranges from 27.8 to 29.5 °C, the humidity ranges from 69% to 79%, and the wind speed ranges from 1.0 m/s to 1.6 m/s.
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