Journal of Applied Entomologist https://dzarc.com/entomology <p><strong>Journal of Applied Entomologist</strong> is open access, refereed, or peer-reviewed research journal, this journal invites you to publish research articles that have a significant impact on science and academic group. This entomology journal's main focus is on critical and creative research and provides a completely open-access research journal platform for scholars and researchers to share their research and findings among practitioners around the globe.</p> en-US dzarc.ento@gmail.com (Dzarc Publications (Mamta Kamlashankar Mishra)) sarwanent@pau.edu (Dr. Sarwan Kumar) Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.10 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Effective control of invasive grape mealybugs (Maconellicoccus hirsutus) involves cautious release of ladybird beetles in variable temperature parameters https://dzarc.com/entomology/article/view/598 <p><strong>Objective:</strong> The investigation on mealybug&nbsp;<em>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</em>&nbsp;control in grape (<em>Vitis vinifera)&nbsp;</em>has not been carried out in Jumla, Nepal. So, a study was carried out in Chandannath, Jumla in selected grape vineyards (<em>Vitis vinifera</em>) to understand the effectiveness of various treatments in the mealybug <em>M. hirsutus</em>&nbsp;population.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> The vineyard was screened with net that were deployed to find out the efficacy of 3 treatments namely seven spotted ladybird beetles&nbsp;<em>Coccinella septempunctata&nbsp;</em>(10 ladybird beetles released just before the monitoring and prior surveillance of beetles carried in the field)<em>, </em>Imidacloprid&nbsp;200 SL @1.5 ml/l of water/plant), and untreated control in controlling mealybugs <em>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</em>. In addition, laboratory study was conducted to understand the effect of fluctuating temperature and mealybug population in presence of ladybird beetles.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> At 10<sup>0</sup>c the numbers of mealybugs were 500, and they decreased to 450 and 395 at 12 and 14<sup>0</sup>c respectively. At 28 and 30<sup>0</sup>c they became 9 and 2 in numbers. The temperature was found significant to the population of mealybugs&nbsp;<em>M. hirsutus</em>, however the growth and development of ladybird beetles&nbsp;<em>C. septempunctata</em>&nbsp;were severely affected, while their feeding habit was directly correlated with increased temperature. The effect of ladybird beetles was highly effective in controlling the population of mealybugs in grape vineyards followed by the effect of imidacloprid and untreated control. The average yield (kg/plant) were 6, 8 and 4 in imidacloprid sprayed, ladybird beetle released and untreated control sprayed vineyard respectively. Grape cluster and yield were highest in ladybird beetle released vineyards followed by imidacloprid and untreated control.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Therefore, the ladybird beetle <em>C. septempunctata </em>could be the effective strategy in controlling invasive mealybug <em>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</em>&nbsp;in grape (<em>Vitis vinifera)</em>&nbsp;vineyards at changing temperature.</p> Mr. Janak Pant, Mrs. Prava Dawadi Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://dzarc.com/entomology/article/view/598 Fri, 03 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Development of Hexamermis vishwakarma Dhiman (Nematoda: Mermithidae), a parasitoid of Leptocoris augur (Fabr.) https://dzarc.com/entomology/article/view/600 <p><em>Leptocoris augur</em>, a well-known pest of the "Kusum" plant <em>Schleichera oleosa</em> Lour, is endoparasited by <em>Hexamermis vishwakarma</em> Dhiman. Using a two-tray technique, this worm has been successfully raised in a lab to learn about its biology. The five stages of this parasitoid's life cycle are eggs, pre-parasitic juvenile, parasitic juvenile, post-parasitic juvenile, and adult. Within 20 to 72 hours of the male and female post-parasitic nematodes mounting into adults, copulation takes place, lasting approximately 30 minutes, according to the biology of <em>H. vishwakarma</em>. After 10 to 25 days, ovipositions start on average 14 days after copulation. They produce 40 to 60 eggs per day for approximately a week, following which a few days must pass. Approximately 1200 to 1600 (on average, 1400) eggs are deposited during the course of 40 to 50 days. Internal fertilization occurs in the oviduct, which is the upper portion of the uterus. The incubation period, which lasts from July to September during the wet season, averages 16.5 days but can range from 14 to 20 days. The process of "spontaneous" egg hatching takes roughly 13 minutes on average, with an average of 1.5 minutes. The pre-parasitic juvenile enters the surrounding water after hatching. Its length ranges from 0.25 to 0.80 mm (average of 0.70 mm); they can live for three to five days without the host or culture media. Within 15 to 4 hours, the pre-parasitic juvenile enters the host bug and begins consuming nutrients from the adipose tissue, muscles, and haemo-coelomic fluid. As it grows in size, it is referred to as a "parasitic juvenile."</p> <p>The size of parasitic- Juvenile juvenile parasites range in length from 12.0 to 194.0 mm and breadth from 1.25 to 2.25 mm. With an average of 20.5 days, the duration from penetration to emergency is estimated to be between 18 and 22 days. Parasitic juveniles are now known as "post-parasitic juveniles" once they emerge. While female nematodes are 52.0 to 194.0 mm in length and 2.00 to 2.25 mm in width, males are smaller, measuring 12.0 to 49.0 mm in length and 1.25 to 1.40 mm in width. Finally, within 17 to 30 days (on average, 24 days), post-parasitic juveniles moult in two adults. Adults resemble post-parasitic nematodes, with the exception that their vulva, spicules, and other features are completely formed. Furthermore, depending on changes in temperature and relative humidity as well as the condition of post-parasitic nematodes, the lifespan of male adults of <em>Hexamermis vishwakarma</em> ranges from 30 to 40 days, while that of female adults varies from 40 to 50 days.</p> Kumkum Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://dzarc.com/entomology/article/view/600 Tue, 07 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000