Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora as biocontrol agents for Spodoptera frugiperda [J.E. Smith] (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their effect on its biochemical parameters
Keywords:
Entomopathogenic fungi, Nematodes, Armyworms, Protein , Enzyme activitiesAbstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda [J.E. Smith] (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is widely distributed in the world and is a multi-feeding insect that attacks many economic field crops and almost all vegetables, causing significant economic losses. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of three Beauveria bassiana fungal isolates, (B1, B2, and B3) and the nematode (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) in combating third-instar larvae of the S. frugiperda in the laboratory. Five tested concentrations and the deep-leaf approach were applied. In addition, the effect of the three fungal isolates and nematodes on the total protein and activities of some enzymes (transaminases, phenoloxidases, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) in the blood lymph of third instar S. frugiperda larvae was studied after treatment with LC50 values of B1 and H. bacteriophora. The results showed that the mortality percentages in B1 were higher compared to B2 and B3. According to LC50 values, B1 was more toxic followed by B2 than B3 (LC50 = 5.52E+07 conidia/ml, 1.26E+08 conidia/ml and 3.38E+09 conidia/ml, respectively). Moreover, the mortality rate was higher in H. bacteriophora than the three fungal isolates. The LC50 of nematodes was 23.67 IJs/ml. Additionally, the time-response efficacy (LT50) of nematodes on S. frugiperda larval mortality was lower compared to that of B. bassiana treatments. It was 0.71 and 9.5 days for H. bacteriophora and B. bassiana (B), respectively at high concentrations for each one. The tested compounds significantly decreased the total protein and GOT, GPT levels. While, phenoloxidase, and ALP were significantly increased with compared to the control group.
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