Comparative effectiveness between entomopathogens and conventional insecticide against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae and accompanying alteration in some enzymatic activities
Keywords:
entomopathogens, insecticide, fall armyworm, enzymatic activitiesAbstract
Background: The Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a dangerous insect pest of an excessive number of crops., with larvae attacking the plants at all growth stages.
Materials: Protecto (Bacillus thuringiensis), Biossiana (Beauveria bassiana) and BioMeta (Metarhizium anisopliae), compared to abamectin (traditional insecticides), were assessed against S. Frugiperda in maize field. The enzymatic activities of the larvae were determined 48 hours after exposure to the tested pesticides.
Results: Under laboratory condition, the entomopathogenic bacteria was more effective against fall armyworm (2nd instar) than entomopathogenic fungi, with total mortalities of 96.67 and 93.33% due to Biometa and Biossiana, respectively. Opposite results were obtained in case of 4thinstar larvae, with total mortalities of 53.33 and 50% due to Biossiana and Biometa, respectively. In maize fields, abamectin was the most potent compound in reducing fall armyworm larval population (94.48% reduction) three days post-treatments, followed by Biometa (78.19% reduction), while the least one was Protecto (43.53% reduction). Five and seven days post treatments, the highest reductions (94.66 and 94.84%, respectively) were recorded in abamectin treatment, followed by Biometa (79.38% and 80.56% reduction, respectively). On the other hand, 10 days after treatments, Biossiana treatment induced the highest reduction (77.90%), followed by abamectin (75.41%). Overall average larval reductions, proved that abamectin induced the highest value (89.87%), followed by Biossiana (59.47%) and Biometa (57.91%) while Protecto resulted in the lowest reduction (32.56%) The correspondent total protein ratios were 0.68, 0.06, 0.90, 0.69. In addition, the highest lipid peroxide activity was highest in S. frugiperda larvae treated with Protecto (724.40) and abamectin (376.90), but lowest in case of treating the larvae by Biometa (179.52) and Biossiana (158.22). Protecto, Biometa and abamectin applications induced higher acetylcholine esterase activity in the 4th instar larvae compared with larvae treated with Biossiana. The lowest activity of chitinase was detected in case of Biossiana treatment. The chitinase activity was 15.59 in abamectin, and 20.78 in Protecto treatments.
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