Journal of Advanced Education and Sciences

The role of project Liwanag Aral in preparing education graduates for the LET: an extension service assessment

Mark Ren D. Villaflor — 2026-05-01

The Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) serves as a critical benchmark for teacher competence in the Philippines, yet many education graduates face challenges in achieving optimal performance. This study assessed the role of Project Liwanag Aral: LET Review on Professional Education Subjects as an extension service program in preparing education graduates for the LET. Employing a descriptive-correlational research design, data were collected from 250 graduates and alumni who participated in the online review conducted via Zoom in August 2021. A structured questionnaire measured participants’ perceptions of program effectiveness, relevance, content quality, delivery, and its influence on preparedness and confidence. Results indicated that participants rated the program as highly effective in enhancing conceptual understanding, LET-related skills, and overall readiness (overall mean = 4.31). Correlation analysis revealed that all program components, particularly overall program effectiveness and practice exercises, positively and significantly influenced participants’ confidence and preparedness for the LET. The study concludes that structured, curriculum-aligned, and accessible review programs significantly support licensure exam readiness and recommends institutionalizing such initiatives as part of teacher education extension services.

Effectiveness of a yoga program in decreasing anxiety and depression symptoms among women in Gaza strip

Khitam I. M. Alsahhar — 2026-05-04

This study investigates the effectiveness of a yoga-based therapeutic program in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression among women in the Gaza Strip, a context characterized by chronic psychosocial stressors and limited access to mental health services. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre–post control group approach. A total of 70 participants were randomly assigned into experimental (n = 35) and control (n = 35) groups. Standardized instruments were utilized, including the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).

The intervention consisted of a structured 12-session yoga program integrating breathing techniques, physical postures, relaxation, and mindfulness-based practices. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 26), applying parametric statistical tests, including paired and independent sample t-tests, as well as ANOVA.

The findings revealed statistically significant reductions in anxiety and depression symptoms among the experimental group compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.05), with large effect sizes (η² = 0.81 for anxiety; η² = 0.79 for depression). Furthermore, follow-up results indicated sustained improvements one month after the intervention. No statistically significant differences were found across demographic variables, suggesting the program’s broad applicability.

The study concludes that yoga-based interventions represent a cost-effective, scalable, and culturally adaptable approach for improving mental health outcomes among women in high-stress environments. The findings hold important implications for integrating mind–body interventions into community mental health frameworks, particularly in conflict-affected regions.

Consequences of mother’s diet pattern and lifestyle on weight of the newborn at delivery among the infants in Jorhat district, Assam

Sewali Hazarika — 2026-05-11

The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates underweight infants as those weighing less than 2,500 grams at the time of delivery. The problem is still a major global public health concern. Dietary and choices regarding their lives made by the mother during pregnancy have an important influence on the development among the children and the outcome of childbirth. The risk of insufficient birth can be increased by unhealthy habits like smoking, drinking alcohol, and eating inadequately.

The principal objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship among underweight births and mother's diet and lifestyle choices. A cross-sectional study included 720 mothers and their live-born infants. Chi-square test, binary logistic regression analysis, and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Tobacco use, betel nut/gutkha consumption, low fruit and vegetable intake, and low protein intake were all significantly correlated with underweight (p < 0.05). The weight at birth is strongly affected by the mother's nutrition and eating habits throughout her life. Encouraging healthy behaviours and a sufficient diet during pregnancy is essential to reducing the effects of a low weight at birth.

The weight of the infant is greatly influenced by maternal nutrition and way of lifestyle. So as to reduce the consequences of being underweight at birth, it is crucial to encourage good behaviours and a suitable nutrition during pregnancy.

Hybrid fuzzy soft set and artificial intelligence model for healthcare decision support systems

Shewali Saikia — 2026-05-11

Healthcare decision-making environments are inherently characterized by uncertainty, vagueness, imprecision, and multi-criteria complexity. Traditional deterministic approaches are often inadequate in handling such ambiguity. Fuzzy soft set theory, developed from the integration of fuzzy set theory and soft set theory, has demonstrated effectiveness in modeling parameterized uncertainty. However, standalone fuzzy soft models lack adaptive learning capabilities. This study proposes a hybrid Fuzzy Soft Set–Artificial Intelligence (FSS–AI) framework for clinical decision support systems (CDSS). The proposed model integrates fuzzy soft decision matrices with machine learning-based weight optimization to enhance diagnostic accuracy, treatment selection, and healthcare resource allocation. A healthcare treatment selection case study is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the model. The results indicate that the hybrid framework improves interpretability, scalability, and predictive reliability compared to classical fuzzy soft set approaches.

Assessment of dissolved oxygen and ecological impact of carbon dioxide in the Bhogdoi River, Jorhat, Assam

Panchali Karmakar — 2026-05-12

The Bhogdoi River, a crucial south-bank tributary of the Brahmaputra River, is essential for the ecological and socio-economic aspects of Jorhat district, Assam. Recently, factors such as rising urban development, runoff from agriculture, discharge of household sewage, and uncontrolled disposal of solid waste have greatly impacted the quality of the river’s water. This current research examines the levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) and the ecological effects of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂) within the river’s surroundings. Water samples were taken from three chosen monitoring locations that represented the upstream, urban, and downstream areas of the river. The dissolved oxygen levels were found to range from 5.4 to 8.5 mg/L, demonstrating moderate to good oxygen presence for aquatic life. The upstream areas displayed higher concentrations of DO, while the urban location showed relatively lower levels, indicating the effects of organic pollution and increased microbial growth. Dissolved carbon dioxide levels differed across the sampling locations, being notably higher in regions influenced by domestic and agricultural runoff. Increased CO₂ levels can change the pH of the water, decrease its buffering ability, and indirectly hinder oxygen availability by promoting microbial respiration. The link between reduced DO and elevated CO₂ at the urban site signifies the effect of human activities on river ecosystems. While the river still provides conditions that favor aquatic organisms, ongoing pollutant influx could potentially lead to a decline in its ecological balance. This study emphasizes the necessity of consistent monitoring of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide as vital measures of freshwater ecosystem health. Efficient waste management and preservation methods are critical for safeguarding the Bhogdoi River and ensuring its ecological viability over time.

A brief review on uncertainty principle and its variants

Manas Protim Saikia — 2026-05-12

In this paper, using two different formulations, we attempted to first provide an overview of mathematical interpretations of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. This was done in order to emphasise the mathematical justification for the uncertainty principle's existence. First, we went over in detail the matrix formulation found in Schrodinger's original paper on uncertainty. Next, we reviewed the mathematical proof of the uncertainty principle in a Fourier series formulation and examined the results. We attempted to provide a comprehensive overview of the modified forms of the uncertainty relation in the Quantum Gravitational, Relativistic, and Entropic domains along with other variants after realizing that the most well-known uncertainty relation is not universal. All of these concepts also demonstrate a great deal of potential for use in the emerging new technologies. Our goal was to gather all of these dispersed variations of the uncertainty principle in one location. The current state of these theories, as well as their applications and limitations, are thoroughly discussed.

Electron microscopy study on antitumor efficacy of rutin and cisplatin combination treatment in ascites Dalton’s lymphoma-bearing mice

Rajesh Prasad — 2026-05-12

Cisplatin is a recognized cancer chemotherapeutic drug and its overall therapeutic efficacy is slowed down due to formation of several adverse side-effects in the host. Rutin, a naturally occurring flavonoid has proved to have many pharmacological properties. Some drugs when used in combination against cancers have proved to be much better in improving therapeutic efficacy as well as reducing alone drug induced toxicities in the hosts. Further, rutin-cisplatin combination treatment had been reported to show antitumor activity and histoprotective property in various models. The present study was focused on to evaluate antitumor efficacy of rutin-cisplatin combination treatment in ascites Dalton’s lymphoma (DL) bearing mice particularly by electron microscopy analysis.

Results: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the DL cells in combination treatment with rutin and cisplatin showed severe membrane deformities in DL cells compared to alone treatment such as fusion of cell membrane, membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, membrane folding and loss in microvilli from the tumor cell surface which may contribute to cell death. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the DL cells also showed severe changes in internal architecture of cell organelles such as mitochondrial membrane disruption, elongated mitochondria with thickened and disrupted mitochondrial cristae and formation of vacuoles in DL cells in combination treatment compared to alone treatment.

Conclusion: The results obtained from SEM and TEM study showed that rutin-cisplatin combination treatment exerts more antitumor effect on DL cells compared to their alone treatment.

Reviving traditional agricultural systems through pollinating insects

Pollobi Duara — 2026-05-14

Traditional agricultural systems rely heavily on ecological processes such as pollination, but not much study have been done in this field. The traditional agriculture system and the farmers associated with them lack knowledge about the role of pollinating insects in agriculture. This study aims to study the pollinating insect diversity and their role in traditional agroecosystems. Methods used were Field surveys, floral resource assessments, pollinator visitation studies and interviewing with the farmers. The study highlights the importance of community-based ecological management for sustainable agriculture. This study investigates the relationship between pollinating insects and traditional agroecosystems. Traditional systems with mixed crops and native flowering plants harbours higher pollinating insects compared to monocultures. Visitation rates were high in natural habitat where less chemicals were applied. Declines in pollinator activity was recorded in areas with more chemical use or limited flower diversity. Protecting pollinating insects not only benefits crop yields but also supports biodiversity. Pollination maintains crop diversity and also ensure food safety and security.

The impact of the learning environment on students’ creative competence: A study at Thai Nguyen University of Education

Thu Dam Thi Kim — 2026-05-15

This study examines the impact of the learning environment on the creative competence of pre-service teachers using a quantitative approach with a sample of 240 students. The findings indicate that the learning environment has a positive influence on students’ creativity, with teaching methods and experiential learning activities identified as the most influential factors in enhancing flexibility, problem-solving ability, and willingness to experiment with new approaches. Psychological and social elements, including teacher encouragement, openness, and peer collaboration, also play a significant role in fostering a supportive climate for creative engagement. In contrast, structural factors such as physical facilities and institutional policies show relatively weaker effects, suggesting that creativity is more strongly shaped by pedagogical practices and interactive learning processes than by material conditions. Furthermore, the results reveal that students demonstrate stronger creativity in terms of processes rather than outcomes, indicating a gap between idea generation and the production of original and valuable products. These findings highlight the importance of promoting learner-centered pedagogy, experiential learning, and supportive classroom environments to effectively develop creative competence in teacher education.

Sustainable carbon-based conducting ink derived from wood charcoal: fabrication, electrical characterization, and viability for flexible electronic applications

Priyanuj Kalita — 2026-05-15

The transition toward sustainable printed electronics necessitates the development of low-cost, environmentally benign conductive materials without compromising electrical performance. In this work, we report a scalable approach for fabricating a biomass-derived conductive ink using wood charcoal as a renewable carbon precursor. The charcoal was subjected to controlled secondary pyrolysis (550–650 °C) to enhance graphitic domain connectivity, followed by particle size engineering and aqueous dispersion optimization. The resulting carbon framework exhibited intrinsic bulk resistance in the range of ~1–200 Ω/sq.cm., indicating efficient conductive pathways. A solvent-free ink formulation was developed using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as dispersant and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a tunable polymer binder. The electrical transport behavior revealed a pronounced percolation-driven mechanism, with an optimal binder concentration of 2% (w/v) achieving a low sheet resistance of 700 Ω/sq.cm., comparable to emerging carbon-based conductive systems. Increasing PVA content led to a non-linear rise in resistance up to 8 kΩ/sq.cm. due to enhanced interparticle separation and insulating effects. The conductive films demonstrated excellent mechanical reliability, with only ~3.2% variation in resistance after 2000 bending cycles (3 cm radius), confirming the stability of the percolative carbon network under repeated deformation. Practical functionality was validated via LED illumination and Joule heating under a 9 V supply, demonstrating suitability for low-power flexible electronic applications. This study establishes wood charcoal as a viable alternative to metallic and nanocarbon inks, offering a sustainable, scalable, and cost-effective pathway for next-generation flexible and wearable electronics, while aligning with circular economy and green manufacturing paradigms.

A case study on restoration of ethnomedicine and indigenous healthcare practices in Dakshin Majuli: preserving it’s cultural heritage and traditional knowledge

Rajashree Bhuyan — 2026-05-15

Dakhin Majuli, a river island located within the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam, India, is characterized by rich indigenous cultural traditions and a long-standing ethnomedical knowledge system shaped through sustained interaction between local communities and their environment. This case study documents and analyses traditional medicinal plant use, healing practices, and associated cultural contexts in Dakhin Majuli, based on fieldwork conducted during 2022-2023. Data were collected through interviews and participant observation. Findings indicate that ethnomedicine in Dakhin Majuli was not solely therapeutic but was deeply embedded within ritual practices, religious beliefs, and social structures influenced by Neo-Vaishnavite Satra traditions. Knowledge transmission occurs predominantly through oral, familial pathways, particularly among women. The research highlights the importance of ethical, community-centered documentation and emphasizes the role of ethnomedicine as both cultural heritage and a component of sustainable biodiversity conservation.

Assessing graduate employability using the CHED tracer framework: A study of bachelor of physical education graduates (AY 2022–2025)

Mark Ren D Villaflor — 2026-05-18

This study examined the employability outcomes of Bachelor of Physical Education (BPED) graduates from Academic Years 2022–2023, 2023–2024, and 2024–2025 of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology – San Isidro Campus using the Graduate Tracer Study (GTS) framework prescribed by the Commission on Higher Education. Employing a descriptive research design, the study focused on graduates’ employment status, labor force participation, and the relevance of their jobs to their academic preparation. A total of 103 graduates were identified across the three cohorts; however, employability indicators were computed based on tracer respondents consistent with CHED GTS methodology. Results revealed that employability is higher among earlier cohorts and generally improves with increased time since graduation. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of employed graduates are engaged in occupations aligned with their BPED degree, particularly in teaching, coaching, and fitness-related fields. The findings underscore that variations in employability across cohorts are largely influenced by the transition period into the labor market rather than program deficiencies. Overall, the study affirms the importance of systematic tracer studies in evaluating program effectiveness, strengthening curriculum relevance, and enhancing graduate readiness for employment.

Evaluating employers’ feedback on the performance of physical education (PE/MAPEH) teachers: evidence from NEUST San Isidro campus graduates in DepEd Gapan city

Mark Ren D Villaflor — 2026-05-19

This study examined employers’ feedback regarding Physical Education (PE) and Music, Arts, Physical Education, and Health (MAPEH) teachers who are graduates of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST) San Isidro Campus and are currently teaching in DepEd Gapan City. It employed a qualitative descriptive research design to capture in-depth perceptions of school administrators who directly supervise these graduates in actual school settings. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, allowing participants to freely express their evaluations of teacher performance while maintaining focus on key professional domains. Thematic analysis was used to systematically identify recurring patterns and construct meaningful interpretations from the data. Findings revealed that NEUST graduates are highly competent in instructional delivery, demonstrating well-structured lessons and effective teaching strategies. They also exhibit strong classroom management skills and active engagement in co-curricular activities, particularly in sports-related programs. Employers further emphasized their professionalism, adaptability to school environments, and strong ability to build positive relationships with learners. These qualities contribute to a supportive and productive learning environment. Only one minor area for improvement was identified, which is the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in instructional practices. Overall, the study concludes that NEUST graduates demonstrate strong employability and are well-aligned with DepEd teaching standards and expectations for effective educators (Darling-Hammond, 2017; Ingersoll, 2011).

Digital transformation and educational quality in higher education institutions: evidence from the Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh

Pravendra Dixit — 2026-05-20

Digital technologies are reshaping teaching, learning, and student engagement across higher education institutions. In India, policy initiatives such as the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the Digital India programme have accelerated the integration of digital technologies across universities and colleges. Despite these developments, empirical evidence on the contribution of digital transformation to educational quality remains limited, particularly in regional higher education systems. This study examines the relationship between digital transformation and educational quality in higher education institutions located in the Rohilkhand region of Uttar Pradesh.

The study conceptualizes digital transformation through four key dimensions: digital infrastructure, faculty digital competence, institutional support, and technology-enabled teaching practices. Educational quality is assessed through teaching effectiveness, student engagement, learning outcomes, and academic support services. A quantitative research design is employed to investigate the proposed relationships. Data are collected from students and faculty members of selected universities and colleges in the region. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to validate the measurement model and examine the structural relationships among the study constructs.

The findings indicate that digital transformation plays a significant role in enhancing educational quality. Digital infrastructure provides the technological foundation for effective academic delivery, while faculty digital competence strengthens the integration of digital tools into pedagogical practices. Institutional support facilitates the successful implementation of digital initiatives, and technology-enabled teaching practices contribute to improved learning experiences and academic engagement. Collectively, these dimensions demonstrate a positive influence on educational quality within higher education institutions.

By providing empirical evidence from a region that has received limited scholarly attention, this study extends the literature on digital transformation in higher education and offers a context-specific understanding of how digital capabilities contribute to educational improvement. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, institutional leaders, and quality assurance agencies seeking to strengthen educational quality through strategic digital transformation initiatives. The study also highlights the importance of developing digitally capable institutions to support inclusive, effective, and sustainable higher education in India.

Are fiscal incentives enough? Evaluating the effectiveness of Indonesia’s electric vehicle policy

Andi Rachman Salasa — 2026-05-21

Indonesia is at a critical juncture in its transition to Electric Vehicles. Despite a comprehensive fiscal incentive framework enacted through Indonesian Presidential Regulation No. 55 of 2019 and its 2023 amendment, penetration of electric vehicles remains marginal compared to its regional peers, such as Thailand, which is the second largest car market in Southeast Asia. This paper critically evaluates Indonesia’s fiscal incentive policies’ effectiveness for the Electric Vehicles industry through a policy network lens. Drawing on qualitative analysis of primary regulatory instruments, secondary industry data from the Automotive Federation, and prior academic literature, this study maps the multi-actor ecosystem surrounding the fiscal policy on electric vehicles and identifies structural gaps that limit the policy’s impact. Findings reveal that while incentives address both supply (producers) and demand (consumers) sides, their effectiveness is constrained by mass-market price inelasticity, inadequate charging infrastructure, fragmented inter-ministerial coordination, and weak industrial linkages. This study proposes a refined policy network model that integrates stronger actor coordination, targeted demand stimulation, and infrastructure co-investment as prerequisites for a national electric vehicle industry that is commercially viable.

Educating for open governance: a three-strata pedagogical framework for digital citizenship and e-government

Fikri Akbarsyah Anza — 2026-05-21

Although governments worldwide are aggressively accelerating digital transformation, e-government initiatives often stall due to a profound "participatory gap" stemming from underdeveloped digital citizenship. In Indonesia, despite successive policy reforms and infrastructural investments in the E-Government system (SPBE), structural asymmetries persist. This paper argues that state digital transformation frequently fails because the national educational ecosystem has not adequately evolved to produce critical, ethical, and engaged digital citizens. By employing a qualitative meta-synthesis guided by the PRISMA 2020 protocol, this study analyzes 28 peer-reviewed studies (2015–2025) to diagnose the root causes of open governance stagnation. The findings reveal that technological infrastructure is insufficient without a robust digital culture. Consequently, this study proposes the Open Governance Framework-4 Dimensions (OGF-4D), effectively adding Digital Culture as the fourth structural pillar to the traditional triadic model (data, service, and process). Crucially, this study operationalizes the digital culture dimension through a novel Three-Strata Pedagogical Framework, offering strategic pathways to integrate digital rights, ethics, and civic engagement across primary, secondary, and higher education. The study concludes that the sustainability of open governance is fundamentally an educational imperative, requiring a shift from producing passive internet users to cultivating active co-creators of digital democracy. Seven strategic policy recommendations are advanced for operationalizing the framework within Indonesia’s SPBE ecosystem.

A study on behavioural responses and haematological effects of synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin on fresh water teleost Channa punctatus (Bloch)

Ujjayanta Das — 2026-05-22

Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid Pesticide widely used in agriculture. Pesticides in agricultural runoff can adversely affect any aquatic ecosystem and be detrimental to the aquatic fauna. Fishes are known to be widely affected by the toxic effects of these harmful chemicals, of which deltamethrin can be regarded as the most potent one. In the present study, the effect of deltamethrin on some behavioural and haematological parameters of the freshwater teleost Channa punctatus was investigated. Experimental fish were exposed to 0.075 mg/L and 0.15 mg/L sub-lethal concentrations of deltamethrin (LC₅₀- 0.5 mg/L) for 7 consecutive days. After 7 days of exposure, the alternation in various behavioural responses and haematological effects on fish was evaluated. The study revealed that Deltamethrin has toxic effects on behavioural as well as haematological aspects of Channa punctatus. The treated fish showed an increased number of surfacing and opercular movements, fast swimming, increased mucous secretion, and jumping to get rid of the treated water. Significant decrease in Red Blood Cells (RBCs) count, and Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was observed. An increased number of White blood cells (WBC) in comparison with the control was also observed in the treated groups. From this present investigation, it can be substantiated that deltamethrin induces diverse negative impacts on fish.

The development of a project-based learning model integrating a deep learning pedagogical approach within the IPAS project subject

Stief Jeksen Timbuleng — 2026-06-01

This research aimed to develop a teaching module grounded in the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model and integrated with a deep learning pedagogical approach for the IPAS Project subject, specifically focusing on the topic of Substances and Their Changes, such that the resulting module would satisfy the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) methodology utilizing the 4D development model and was conducted at SMK Negeri 1 Modoinding. The findings revealed that the developed teaching module met the established criteria, being classified as highly valid, practical, and effective. Specifically, material expert validation yielded a percentage of 97.92%, falling into the highly valid category, while media expert validation achieved a percentage of 87.00%, falling into the valid category. Regarding practicality, teacher responses indicated that the module was very practical, and student responses yielded a percentage of 89.14%, also classified as very practical. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the module was demonstrated by a student learning mastery percentage of 85%, which falls into the very effective category.

Heavy metal evacuation by cyanobacteria

Anita Panday — 2026-06-01

Many pollutants are continuously released from various sources. Among these pollutants, heavy metals adversely affect ecosystems due to their non-degradable nature. These heavy metals remain present in food chain of organisms and negatively affect their health. There are various organisms who show the high potential of eradication of these metals from the environment. Out of these organisms, cyanobacteria which is a group of prokaryotic photo-trophic organisms shown the highest bio-remediation activity from their surrounding due to their remarkable adaptability and versatility. Cyanobacteria have natural capability to produce extracellular polysaccharide and also have several metal binding sites, which have made them a promising candidate for heavy metal removal through biosorption strategy.

On hypersurfaces of HGF - Manifold

Puran Singh Mehra — 2026-06-01

In previous papers and we have studied some properties of hypersurfaces of HGF-manifold. In this paper I have defined hyperbolic almost Kahler manifold and studied its hypersurface. It has been found that the hypersurface of a hyperbolic almost Kahler manifold is locally quasi-Sasakian manifold. Some results regarding the hypersurfaces of a flat HGF-manifold have also been obtained.

Integrating AI technologies for enhanced ecosystem surveillance and biodiversity protection

Himshikha Yadav — 2026-06-01

The accelerating loss of biodiversity and increasing degradation of ecosystems are critical challenges to global environmental sustainability. Traditional approaches to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem monitoring are useful but often limited in scope, time and precision. In this scenario, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a game-changer, offering novel approaches to enhance the efficiency, accuracy and scope of conservation efforts. This paper explores the role of AI-based ecosystem monitoring in facilitating the conservation of biodiversity through the integration of technologies such as machine learning, remote sensing, computer vision and big data analytics.AI-driven approaches can collect and analyze data from a variety of sources, such as satellite imagery, camera traps, acoustic sensors and environmental DNA (eDNA) in real time. Such tools make possible accurate species identification, population estimation, habitat mapping and detection of ecological change at spatial and temporal scales heretofore unimaginable. Furthermore, AI-driven predictive modeling helps forecast biodiversity patterns, assess the impact of climate change, and pinpoint priority areas for conservation. AI application also improves early warning systems for threats like deforestation, poaching, invasive species and habitat fragmentation. AI can automate data processing and reduce human biases, leading to more informed decision-making and policy formulation. In addition, the convergence of AI with citizen science platforms and IoT-based environmental sensors enables participatory conservation and continuous monitoring of ecosystems. Nevertheless, the application of AI in the conservation of biodiversity is not without its challenges and promises, including data scarcity, algorithmic biases, ethical considerations, and the requirement for interdisciplinary collaboration. It is imperative that these issues be addressed to ensure that AI technologies are utilized in ways that are equitable and sustainable. In conclusion, AI-powered ecosystem monitoring represents a paradigm shift in biodiversity conservation, providing proactive, data-driven, and scalable solutions for the protection and restoration of ecological systems. Its continued development and integration into conservation strategies is critical to meet global biodiversity targets and for long-term environmental sustainability.

Adoption of biodegradable polymers as an Eco-friendly substitute for conventional plastics

Alka Gupta — 2026-06-01

The widespread dependence on petroleum-based plastics has created serious environmental challenges, increasing the demand for sustainable alternatives. Plastic waste has emerged as a major global concern, with vast amounts accumulating in landfills and oceans every year. Since conventional plastics take hundreds of years to decompose, they contribute significantly to environmental degradation, harm ecosystems, and threaten wildlife. Biodegradable polymers have emerged as a potential solution because they can break down naturally, minimizing long-term environmental damage. Their development has been encouraged by stricter environmental regulations and rising public awareness about sustainability. Many governments have implemented policies to limit the use of single-use plastics and promote eco-friendly substitutes. At the same time, industries are investing heavily in research to improve the strength, durability, and affordability of biodegradable materials. In response to the growing concerns surrounding plastic pollution, biodegradable polymers are increasingly being recognized as an environmentally responsible alternative to traditional plastics. Advances in polymer science over recent decades have enabled the production of biodegradable materials with enhanced mechanical performance, greater durability, and improved cost efficiency.
This paper explores the development, properties, and applications of biodegradable polymers, examining recent innovations in material science, production techniques, and industrial applications. The discussion includes a review of natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers, their degradation mechanisms, and the challenges associated with their large-scale adoption. this study assesses global regulations, life cycle analysis, and economic feasibility to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential and limitations of biodegradable polymers. Future perspectives on improving biodegradability, polymer blend technologies, and sustainable production methods are also considered. It also provides an overview of biodegradable polymers, their importance in reducing environmental impact, and the scientific advancements driving their development. Additionally, the historical background of polymer science and the evolution of biodegradable materials are discussed.

Contraceptive utility of jequirity bean-Abrus precatorious (Rosary pea/Gunja) in the male rats

Sanjay Madan — 2026-06-01

The dosage and administration of 50% Ethanolic Extract of Jequirity Bean Seeds extract at 0’75gm/kg (75mg/kg) dosage for 45 and 90 days. The Male Rat Groups Treated and Control were administered after 24 hrs of last dose under Di-ethyl ether or Chloroform Anesthesia and dissected immediately. Reproductive Organs of Rats like Testis and Epididymis were taken out, freed from adherent tissue and blood. The weight of both Organs was recorded separately. The significance difference of weight between the treated and control rats was assessed by student, unpaired 't' test taking P<0'05 as load of significance. The Testis and Epididymis was fixed in Bowin's fluid, washed, dehydrated and embedded in Paraffin wax. The Tissues were sectioned at 5 micron and stained with stain of Haemotoxyle & Eocin for Histological studies purpose. After dissection and makes permanent histological slides, we found various types of cells in the Seminiferous tubules which were normal in structure but Spermatogonia and Spermatocytes displayed a few changes in their structures. The initial and final body weight of the experimental and control group rats were recorded for measures their differences if appears.

Study of the growth potential and economic viability of Pangasius pangasius farming in Uttarakhand using recirculatory aquaculture system

Beena Uniyal — 2026-06-01

This research study provides a comprehensive analysis of the technical and economic feasibility of deploying Recirculatory Aquaculture Systems (RAS) for the intensive cultivation of the striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) within the diverse agro-climatic landscape of Uttarakhand, India. Traditional aquaculture in the Himalayan region has historically been constrained by limited land availability, cold-water temperature fluctuations, and reliance on extensive open-pond practices. This paper evaluates the potential of RAS to mitigate these challenges through high-density production, water recycling, and precise environmental control. Based on simulated growth performance indices and comprehensive economic modeling, the study determines that RAS technology facilitates year-round production of Pangasius pangasius, achieving significantly higher survival rates and biomass density compared to conventional systems. Despite the substantial initial capital expenditure required for high-tech infrastructure, the return on investment remains favorable due to market demand, intensive throughput, and optimized resource efficiency. The study concludes that with targeted energy management such as the integration of renewable energy and policy support, RAS-based Pangasius pangasius farming offers a highly viable solution for sustainable aquaculture development in Uttarakhand.

Development of a Problem Based Learning (PBL)-based science teaching module to improve learning outcomes on the topic of classification of living organisms at SMP Negeri 1 Likupang Selatan

Alberto Ezra Maramis — 2026-06-02

This study aimed to develop a valid, practical, and effective PBL-based science teaching module on the topic of classification of living organisms to enhance the learning outcomes of students at SMP Negeri 1 Likupang Selatan. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach utilizing the ADDIE model, which encompasses the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects consisted of one content expert, one media expert, and Grade VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Likupang Selatan who participated in both limited and field trials. Data collection techniques included expert validation sheets, teacher and student practicality questionnaires, and learning outcome tests administered through pretests and posttests. The data were analyzed using percentage analysis to determine validity and practicality levels, and N-Gain analysis to measure module effectiveness. The findings revealed that the developed PBL-based science teaching module met the highly valid criteria, as evidenced by content expert assessment (97.14%) and media expert assessment (95.29%). The module also satisfied the highly practical criteria, based on the limited trial (93.23%), the field trial (94.77%), and teacher responses (93.85%). The effectiveness of the module was demonstrated by an improvement in student learning outcomes, with a mean N-Gain value of 0.71, categorized as high. Consequently, the PBL-based science teaching module on the topic of classification of living organisms is declared valid, practical, and effective, rendering it suitable for use in science instruction at SMP Negeri 1 Likupang Selatan.