Journal of Advanced Education and Sciences

Development of module for 10 bagless day program in the middle-stage schools of Nagaland

2026-07-02T04:41:21+00:00

The objective of the 10 Bagless Day Program in the middle stage schools, as envisaged in NEP 2020, is to provide the child an exposure to the world of work in a fun-based, activity-based way, integrating with local values, tradition and culture. Implementation of these objectives remained unfulfilled considerably throughout the nation. Despite having a serious guideline developed by NCERT, due to the absence of a module exemplar, implementors at the grassroots levels faced several difficulties. The present paper summarises the development of the one exemplar module for 10 Bagless Day Program in the middle-stage schools with special reference to Nagaland. The study took a Research and Development (R&D) approach. The development model of Borg and Gall and the ADDIE was used to develop the module. The samples in the present study are 106 and were selected purposively from Nagaland. Interview methods for collecting data enabled the present module development.

Influence of early identification of reading difficulties among primary school pupils in Niger state

2026-05-19T07:49:44+00:00

The study was aimed at exploring early identification of reading difficulties among primary school pupils in Niger state. The study laid its focus on identifying observable reading difficulties among primary school pupils, causes of reading difficulties and proffering strategies that will help these categories of children. Three research questions guided the study. The study adopted descriptive survey method. The sample for the study was 200 primary school teachers drawn randomly from 20 primary schools. A 38-item structured questionnaire instrument was used in collecting the data for the study. The instrument was validated by three experts and the reliability was determined using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient which yielded values of 0.77, 0.76, and 0.81 respectively. The data collected were analyzed using mean scores. Based on the analysis, the following findings amongst others were revealed as the observable reading difficulties in children in primary school: skipping of words, reading laboriously, poor hand and eye coordination. Causes of reading difficulties among primary school pupils include lack of clarity of the information being taught, poor instruction by the teacher, bad early experience and parental background.

Among the strategies teachers can use to help children are; early screening by the teacher, phonemic awareness, letter sound training, assessing children’s reading development, supportive parents and clarity of information being taught. Following the findings, the study recommends that parents, guardians and classroom teachers should ensure early screening such as right identification and pronunciation of words among the primary school pupils and effective instructional materials are employed to ensure effective reading skills among the primary school pupils.

Mathematical investigation: The role of eccentricity in distinguishing conic sections

2026-06-30T02:57:00+00:00

This investigation examines how eccentricity (e) distinguishes conic sections and quantifies its effect on their shape and area. Using the focus–directrix definition and standard Cartesian and polar equations, we derive relationships between eccentricity and conic parameters (a, b, c) and verify classification ranges: circle (e = 0), ellipse (0 < e < 1), parabola (e = 1), and hyperbola (e > 1). Analytic derivations and computational examples show that for ellipses A = πa²√(1−e²), so increasing e from 0 toward 1 reduces area and increases elongation, while for hyperbolas larger e produces wider branch separation and steeper asymptotes. Comparative examples demonstrate that figures with the same e are similar in shape but differ in scale, confirming e controls shape while a and b set size. The study concludes that eccentricity is the principal numerical and structural identifier for classifying conic sections and links these geometric results to applications in orbital mechanics and engineering.

Mathematical investigation: Investigating the application of the pythagorean theorem in determining heights and distances in real-life situations

2026-07-02T01:11:17+00:00

This investigation examines the application of the Pythagorean Theorem in determining heights and distances in real-life situations and evaluates its accuracy as a practical measurement tool. Using actual field measurements and mathematical computations, the study compares directly measured values with those obtained through the Pythagorean Theorem. Percentage accuracy was calculated to determine the reliability of the computed results. The findings reveal that the computed measurements closely correspond to the actual measurements, with accuracy values ranging from 97.73% to 100.00% and a mean accuracy of 99.07%. The results demonstrate that the Pythagorean Theorem provides an efficient, reliable, and cost-effective method for measuring heights and distances that are difficult or unsafe to determine directly. Comparative analysis confirms that the theorem can be applied successfully in various real-life contexts, including construction, surveying, navigation, and engineering. The study concludes that the Pythagorean Theorem remains a fundamental mathematical principle with significant practical value and broad applications beyond the classroom in both academic and professional settings.

Comparing the accuracy of trigonometry methods versus direct measures for distance estimation

2026-07-02T02:33:13+00:00

This study investigates the accuracy of trigonometric methods compared to direct measurement in estimating distances. Measuring distance is essential in mathematics, engineering, surveying, and construction, where precision ensures successful outcomes. Direct measurement using tools such as measuring tapes provides actual values but can be impractical in certain contexts. Trigonometry, particularly through the tangent function, offers an alternative by estimating distances using angles of elevation and object heights. The researchers conducted trials in a controlled campus setting, measuring distances from fixed objects using both methods. Data were analyzed by computing percentage errors to determine reliability. Results revealed that trigonometric methods can approximate distances effectively, but small errors in angle measurement significantly affect accuracy. Direct measurement consistently produced lower percentage errors, making it more reliable. The study concludes that trigonometry is useful when direct measurement is not feasible, but precision remains higher with direct tools.

Modeling real-world periodic phenomena using sine and cosine functions

2026-07-02T02:43:51+00:00

This investigation examined the effectiveness of sine and cosine functions in modeling real-world periodic phenomena. A dataset exhibiting a repeating pattern over a 12-month cycle was analyzed to determine the amplitude, midline, period, and frequency coefficient needed to construct an appropriate sinusoidal model. The developed cosine function was compared with the observed data to evaluate its accuracy using residual errors and the Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Results showed that the model accurately represented the periodic behavior of the selected phenomenon, with predicted values matching the observed values and an MAE of zero, indicating a perfect fit for the sample dataset. The findings demonstrate that sine and cosine functions are reliable mathematical tools for describing and predicting recurring patterns. This investigation also highlights the practical applications of trigonometric modeling in mathematics, science, engineering, and environmental studies while reinforcing students' understanding of mathematical modeling and the analysis of periodic phenomena.

Mathematical investigation: Practical uses of right triangles for indirect measurement

2026-07-02T02:44:49+00:00

The purpose of this study was to determine the potential usability of 45°-45°-90° special right triangles to solve the problem of estimating an unknown height and distance. A qualitative-descriptive method was employed, through documentation research, by examine reliable academic texts, and instructional books/references issued not later than 2021. This research would explain how the 45°-45°-90° triangle, with a fixed ratio between its sides of 1:1:2, may make it easy for measuring distances to inaccessible heights and objects like trees, buildings, utility poles and etc. The analysis indicates that the indirect method can successfully resolve the stated issue since with accurate adjustment of 45° of the angle of elevation, the perpendicular distance between the object and observer and the height of the object would be equal and can be calculated quickly. Precise but minor errors limit its real‑world use.

Limits: Understanding the importance in real-life situations in calculus

2026-07-02T04:05:15+00:00

The concept of limits is the foundation of calculus and is essential for understanding continuous change and solving real-life problems. The purpose of this study is to understand the limit concept and to explore its relevance in mathematics and other real-world problems. This study aims to understand limit’s role in calculus, how it is applied in disciplines, the challenges faced by learners in conceptualizing idea of limits, and improving that conceptualization. This study was qualitative research and relied on thematic content analysis of peer-reviewed journals and literature. Upon analysis, five categories were established: conceptualization, importance, applications, teaching, and challenges. Among the findings, it was noted that limits act as prerequisites to derivatives, integrals and continuity, and have applications in physics, engineering, economics, etc. The study advocates the application of structure and flexibility of thought in comprehending and relating the idea of a limit to real-life situations.

An investigation of projectile motion using basic classroom experiments and mathematical concepts

2026-07-02T04:15:29+00:00

This study investigated projectile motion through simple classroom experiments and mathematical analysis to examine how closely experimental measurements of horizontal range, maximum height, and time of flight agree with theoretical predictions. Experimental trials launched a ping-pong ball at 30°, 45°, and 60° using a rubber-band launcher. Measurements (three trials per angle) recorded range, peak height, and flight time and were averaged for analysis. Theoretical values were computed with standard projectile equations and compared to experimental averages. Percentage errors were generally small (≤5.21%), showing close agreement between observations and model predictions. Results show the 45° launch produced the greatest horizontal range while the 60° launch produced the highest maximum height and longest time aloft, illustrating the independence of horizontal and vertical motion and the role of launch angle. Small discrepancies were attributed to air resistance, launcher variability, and measurement limitations. The study concludes that low-cost classroom experiments effectively reinforce mathematical and physical concepts of projectile motion and recommends more precise instruments and expanded trials for future work.

A mathematical investigation of the general power rule and its limited applicability

2026-07-01T16:45:05+00:00

The General Power Rule is a fundamental differentiation technique in differential calculus that extends the Traditional Power Rule through the application of the Chain Rule to differentiate composite functions. This study investigated its mathematical foundation, applications, properties, validity, and limitations using a descriptive-analytical research design with a deductive mathematical analysis framework. Mathematical derivations, formal proofs, worked examples, symbolic manipulations, and scholarly literature served as the primary sources of theoretical evidence. The findings established that the General Power Rule is derived from the integration of the Traditional Power Rule and the Chain Rule, making it an efficient, consistent, and accurate method for differentiating composite functions. The rule was found applicable to polynomial, rational, radical, trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, and other differentiable composite functions under appropriate mathematical conditions. However, its direct application is limited for non-differentiable, implicit, piecewise-defined, and fractional-order functions. Overall, the study confirms the General Power Rule as a reliable differentiation technique within classical differential calculus.